Germanium oxide mainly used to make metal germanium and also used as spectral analysis and semiconductor material

Overview of


germanium oxide

Germanium dioxide, also known as germanium dioxide (GeO2) has the molecular formula of GeO2, while the electronic formula of the compound is carbon dioxide. The powder is white or colorless. The hexagonal crystal system is slightly soluble (stable in low temperature) in water. The transformation temperature is 10.33. It is used in the production of metal germanium and as a semiconductor and spectral material.

Is germanium dioxide acidic or alkaline


It is actually weakly acidsic. Oxides of germanium and tin; amphoteric compounds. The Edexcel specification appears to include germanium, which has no importance, but excludes tin, which might be more significant.

Germanium dioxide, although it is low-toxic in small doses, can be toxic to the kidneys at higher levels.

Germanium oxide is used in “miracle” cures and certain dietary supplements. High doses cause germanium poisoning.

Is germanium dioxide amphiphilic?


Germanium monoxide GeO (Germanium Oxide) is a mixture of germanium with oxygen. Is germanium dioxide ionic? Germanium dioxide (also known as germanium or germanium salt) is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula GeO2. It is ampholy soluable in acid as germanium salt (II), and soluble with alkali in “tri-hydro germanate”, or in “germanate”, which contains Ge (OH) 3 ion.

What is germanium oxide made of?


Hexagonal and tetragonal hexagonal crystals share the same structure of b quartz. In rutile super-quartz, germanium has a six-coordinate structure. Germanium dioxide can be converted from one structure to another by applying high pressure. Amorphous Germanium Dioxide is transformed into six-coordinate germanium. Germanium oxide with a hexagonal structure has a higher water solubility than rutile-structured germanium dioxide. Germanic Acid is formed when Germanium Dioxide with rutile-structure interacts with water. When germanium oxide and germanium powder is heated together at 1,000degC, it can produce germanium monoxide.

How is the germanium oxide prepared?


Germanium oxide is also used to produce polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) resin and other compounds of germanium. It is a raw materials for the production certain phosphors or semiconductor materials.

It is produced by melting germanium chloride or heating and oxidizing germanium. The preparation of Poly can produce optical phosphors using metal germanium, other germanium compound as raw materials. These can be used to convert catalysts in petroleum refinement, dehydrogenation or gasoline ratio adjustment.

The germanium oxide is also used as a polymerization catalyst. Glass that contains germanium dioxide is highly dispersed and has high refractive indices. It can also be used to make wide-angle lenses and cameras. In the past few decades, the technology has advanced to the point that germanium dioxide can be used in many different industries, including the pharmaceutical industry, the production of PET resins and electronic equipment, as well the manufacture of germanium compounds and high-purity metallic germanium. Like organic germanium (Ge-132), it is toxic and shouldn’t be taken.

What are the applications of germanium dioxide?


Both germanium, and its glass-oxide GeO2, are transparent for the infrared range. Infrared glass is used for night vision cameras, thermal imaging, luxury cars, and military vehicles. GeO2 has the highest mechanical strength of any other infrared-transparent glass. It is therefore ideal for rugged military uses.

The optical materials used for fibers, waveguides and other optical devices are a mixture (silicon-germanium) of silicon dioxide and Germanium dioxide. By controlling the ratio between elements, the refractive indices can be controlled precisely. Glass made of silicon germanium has a greater refractive index and lower viscosity than glass made from pure silicon. Germania replaces the titanium dioxide silica as a dopant, removing the need for heat treatment that makes fibers brittle.

Germanium oxide can be used to produce polyethylene terephthalate, and also other germanium compounds. It can be used as a source of raw material to produce certain semiconductors and phosphors.

Germanium dioxide, also known as germanium dioxide, is used to prevent undesirable diatom growth. The contamination of fast-growing diatoms can inhibit or interfere with the growth rate of original strains of algae. Diatoms absorb GeO2 easily and it causes germanium to replace silicon in the diatom biochemical process. This leads to a significant decrease or even complete removal of the diatom growth rate. For this application and depending on the type of contamination and the stage of the contamination, the concentrations of germanium oxide used in the medium are usually between 1 mg/L to 10mg/L.

A fast charge/discharge and wide-temperature battery with a Germanium Oxide layer on a TiC Matrix MXene as anode

It is important to have a rapid charge/discharge second battery in electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. Germanium has a greater potential for fast charge/discharge than other intercalation battery types due to its metallic property and ease of alloying reaction. A 2D composite electrode consisting a homogeneous amorphous GeO film bonded to TiC MXenes has been successfully developed by industry in order to accommodate a volume change over 300%. The MXene matrix has an expanded interlayer area that accommodates the limited isotropic growth of the ultrathin, stress-released GeO layer. A battery with a charge/discharge speed of 3 min (20 C) was achieved due to improved e/Li conductivity in both MXene (metallic reduced Ge) and metallic reduced Ge. The battery was able to retain a high capacity of 1048.1mAh/g with a Coulombic efficacy (CE), of 99.8%, at 0.5 C. This was after 500 cycles. The capacity under 1.0 C was 929.6mAh/g and the CE was 99.6%. (0.02% capacity degeneration per cycle) After ultralong (1000 cycles) cycling. The capacity almost doubled from 372 mAh/g to 671.6mAh/g when compared with graphite (at 0.1 C), under 5.0 C, and the capacity reached 300.5mAh/g after 1000 cycles under 10.0 C. Due to the low energy barrier at the interface, a rapid alloying occurs under cold conditions. This prevents Li plating from occurring on the electrode surface. After 100 cycles, the battery showed high capacities of 631,6, 333,9, and 841,7 mAh/g in -20,-40, and-60 degC. This shows a wide tolerance to temperature. After 200 cycles, a battery with a full cell and LiNiMnCoO was able to achieve a high capacity (536.8mAh/g). It was also possible to achieve a high retention of capacity for a pouch cell with ten full cycles. This composite has a high-rate capability, as well as a wide temperature range, scalable manufacturing, and comparatively low costs.

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