About Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder:
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is a ternary composition of different ratios of indium, tin and oxygen. According to the oxygen content, it can be described as ceramic or alloy. Usually encountered indium tin oxide as an oxygen-saturated composition, its formulation is 74% In, 18% O2 and 8% Sn by weight. Oxygen-saturated compositions are so typical that unsaturated compositions are referred to as oxygen-deficient ITO. The thin layer is transparent and colorless, and the bulk is a pale yellow to gray. In the infrared region of the spectrum, it acts like a metal mirror.
 
Indium tin oxide is one of the most widely used transparent conductive oxides because of its electrical conductivity and optical transparency and the ease with which it is deposited as a thin film. As with all transparent conductive films, a compromise must be made between conductivity and transparency, because increasing the thickness and increasing the concentration of charge carriers will increase the conductivity of the film, but will reduce its transparency.
 
Indium tin oxide films are most commonly deposited on the surface by physical vapor deposition. Usually, electron beam evaporation or a series of sputtering deposition techniques are used.
 
ITO is a mixed oxide of indium and tin. Depending on the composition, its melting point is in the range of 1526-1926°C. The composition of the most commonly used material is ca In4Sn. This material is an n-type semiconductor with a large bandgap of about 4 eV. ITO is transparent to visible light and has relatively high electrical conductivity. These features have great advantages in touch screen applications such as mobile phones. Feel free to send an inquiry to get the latest price if you would like to buy Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder in bulk.

Performance of Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder:

Chemically, ITO is the abbreviation of Indium Tin Oxides.
As a nano-indium tin metal oxide, it has good conductivity and transparency and can cut off harmful electronic radiation, ultraviolet rays and far-infrared rays. Therefore, indium tin oxide is usually sprayed on glass, plastic and electronic display screens, used as a transparent conductive film, while reducing harmful electronic radiation and ultraviolet and infrared.
In the oxide conductive film, the Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) film has the highest transmittance and the best conductive performance, and it is easy to etch fine patterns in the acid solution, of which the light transmittance is more than 90%. The transmittance and resistance of ITO are controlled by the ratio of In2O3 and SnO2, usually SnO2:In2O3=1:9.

Technical Parameter of  Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder:

How is Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder produced?
The ITO powder usually adopts the following preparation method: respectively oxidizing metal indium and metal tin to obtain indium oxide powder and tin oxide powder and then mixing and dispersing the indium oxide powder and tin oxide powder. In this method, it is difficult to completely synchronize the control conditions such as metal indium and metal tin as the basic raw material, such as the dissolution rate, dissolution temperature, neutralization pH value, neutralization temperature, and stirring speed, so the prepared indium oxide powder, The particle size deviation of tin oxide powder is large, which affects the quality of ITO film. In order to solve the problem of the uniformity of ITO powder, the co-precipitation method is also used to produce ITO powder. This method uses nitric acid to dissolve metal indium and metal tin, and then mix the resulting indium nitrate and tin nitrate according to the ratio, and then use ammonia to co-precipitate. Precipitation to obtain co-precipitated hydroxide, and finally, calcination to obtain indium tin oxide.
 
Applications of Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder:
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is an optoelectronic material that has been widely used in research and industry. ITO can be used in many applications, such as flat panel displays, smart windows, polymer-based electronics, thin-film photovoltaic products, glass doors for supermarket freezers and architectural windows. Also, the ITO film used for the glass substrate helps the glass window to save energy.
 
The ITO green belt is used to produce electroluminescent, fully functional and fully flexible lamps. Besides, the ITO film is mainly used as an anti-reflective coating and is used in liquid crystal displays (LCD) and electroluminescence, where the film is used as a conductive transparent electrode.
 
ITO is commonly used to make transparent conductive coatings for displays (such as liquid crystal displays, OLED displays, plasma displays, touch panels, and electronic ink applications). ITO film is also used for organic light-emitting diodes, solar cells, antistatic coatings and EMI shielding. In organic light-emitting diodes, ITO is used as the anode (hole injection layer).
 
The ITO film deposited on the windshield is used to defrost the windshield of the aircraft. Heat is generated by applying a voltage to the film.
 
ITO is also used in various optical coatings, the most famous being infrared reflective coatings (hot mirrors) used in automobiles and sodium vapor lamp glass. Other uses include gas sensors, anti-reflective coatings, electrowetting on dielectrics, and Bragg reflectors for VCSEL lasers. ITO is also used as an infrared reflector for low emissivity window panes. Starting with the Kodak DCS 520, later Kodak DCS cameras also used ITO as a sensor coating to enhance the response of the blue channel.
 
ITO thin film strain gauges can operate at temperatures up to 1400°C and can be used in harsh environments such as gas turbines, jet engines and rocket engines.

Storage Condition of Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder:
Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder should be stored in dry, cool and sealing of the environment, can not be exposure to air, in addition should avoid the heavy pressure, according to ordinary goods transportation.

Packing & Shipping of Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder:
It is packed in double plastic bags inside, which can be filled with argon in vacuum; it can be vacuumed and filled with argon for protection..
Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder packing: vacuum packing, 100g, 500g or 1kg/bag, 25kg/barrel, or as your request.
Indium Tin Oxide ITO Powder shipping: could be shipped out by sea , by air, by express as soon as possible once payment receipt.

About Manganese Oxide Mn2O3 :
Manganese(III) oxide is an oxide with a chemical formula of Mn2O3 and a molecular weight of 157.88. What is the name of Mn2O3? Manganese oxide or Manganese(III) oxide. Manganese(III) oxide is Black cubic crystal. The relative density is 4.50.Is Mn2O3 soluble in water? Insoluble in water, acetic acid and ammonium chloride solution, soluble in other inorganic acids. Is Mn2O3 acidic or basic? The oxide in the lower oxidation state of a metal is basic and in the higher oxidation state of the metal it is acidic. For this reason Mn2O3 is basic and Mn2O7 is acidic. It dissolves in cold hydrochloric acid to form a brown solution, turns into a red solution in hot dilute sulfuric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid, decomposes into MnO₂ and manganese nitrate in hot nitric acid, and decomposes into Mn3O4 by heating and releases O₂. RBOSCHCO is a trusted global Manganese Oxide Mn2O3 supplier. Feel free to send an inquiry about the latest Manganese Oxide price at any time.
 
Manganese(III) oxide exists in two forms: α-Mn2O3 and γ-Mn2O3. What is the charge of Mn in Mn2O3? +3. What is the oxidation number of manganese in MnO4-, Mn2O3, and MnO2? In MnO2, manganese is in +4 oxidation state and in Mn2O3, manganese is in +3 oxidation state. The α-type is obtained by decomposing divalent manganese nitrates, carbonates or chlorides, and hydrides in the air to 600-800℃; the γ-type is obtained by heating MnO2 in a vacuum at 500℃ for 78 hours, or It is produced by γ-MnO(OH) dehydration. Feel free to send an inquiry to get the latest price if you would like to buy Manganese Oxide Mn2O3 in bulk.

If you wnat to know Mn2O3 powder price, please send inquiry to sales1@rboschco.com

Performance of Manganese Oxide Mn2O3 Powder :
Manganese trioxide also called Manganese(III) Oxide, has high purity, small particle size, uniform distribution, specific surface area, high surface activity, low apparent density.

Technical Parameter of Manganese Oxide Mn2O3 Powder :

How is Manganese Oxide Mn2O3 produced?
1. Preparation of α-Mn2O3
The oxide of α-Mn2O3 manganese oxide is further oxidized or reduced or prepared by heating the divalent manganese salt in the air at 600-800°C. When using manganese nitrate hexahydrate as raw material, it is necessary to heat the heated solid at 190°C, crush and heat it at 650°C in advance.
2. Preparation of γ-Mn2O3
Under vigorous stirring, add 34 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide solution to 350 mL of a solution containing 2.2 g of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, and then add 50 mL of 0.2 mol·dm-3 ammonia to generate γ-MnO (OH). The dark brown or black suspension that releases oxygen will boil quickly. After boiling for 4 minutes, filter and separate, wash the solid with 1.5L hot water, add it to a phosphorus pentoxide vacuum dryer, and dry it below 100°C to obtain γ-MnO(OH). The γ-MnO (OH) was carefully dehydrated at 250° C. under reduced pressure for 3 days to produce γ-Mn2O3. As much as possible, γ-MnO2 was heated at 500°C for 78 hours under reduced pressure to prepare γ-Mn2O3.

Applications of Manganese Oxide Mn2O3 :
1. Manganese trioxide can be used in the printing and dyeing process of fabrics;
2. During the oxidation process of carbon monoxide and organic matter. Manganese (III) oxide can also be used to synthesize soft magnetic materials.
3. Manganese trioxide is an important basic material for the synthesis of lithium-ion batteries;
4. Manganese (III) oxide can be used in the printing and dyeing process of fabrics;
5. Manganese oxide (III) can efficiently catalyze and oxidize organic oxides and nitrogen oxides, and catalyze organic conversion reactions;
6, Manganese oxide (III) oxide soft magnetic material precursor;
7. Manganese oxide is used as a raw material for the synthesis of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

Storage Condition of Manganese Oxide Mn2O3 Powder :

Nano manganese oxide Mn2O3 powder should be stored in dry, cool and sealing of the environment, can not be exposure to air, in addition, should avoid the heavy pressure, according to ordinary goods transportation.

Packing & Shipping of Manganese Oxide Mn2O3 Powder :
It is packed in double plastic bags inside, which can be filled with argon in a vacuum; it can be vacuumed and filled with argon for protection.
Manganese oxide Mn2O3 powder packing: vacuum packing, 100g, 500g or 1kg/bag, 25kg/barrel, or as your request.
Manganese oxide Mn2O3 powder shipping: could be shipped out by sea, by air, by express as soon as possible once payment receipt.

About Iron Oxide Fe2O3 Powder:
Iron (III) oxide or iron oxide is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula Fe2O3. It is one of the three main oxides of iron, and the other two are rare forms of iron oxide (II) and natural magnetite iron oxide (II, III).
 
Iron oxide or iron trioxide with the general formula Fe2O3 is an inorganic compound known to be one of the three main oxides of iron naturally present in a mineral called magnetite. When iron oxide is used as a suspension in solutions and applications in the fields of biomedicine, agriculture and the environment, it has unique super magnetic properties and easy separation methods. The advantage of iron oxide powder is that it can be modified with a variety of inorganic and organic compounds (such as starch, polyelectrolyte and non-ionic detergent) according to its main surface chemical potential so that it can be used for more applications. Iron oxide is considered to be the most common magnetic particle and powder used in biomedical applications by applying an external magnetic field.
 
Iron oxide is a compound with ferromagnetic properties. When placed in an external magnetic field, the compound is magnetic. When they are obtained in a controlled size and crystal morphology, this property proves to be the desired characteristic. Iron oxide fine particles have become the focus of attention due to their low toxicity, magnetic properties, and convenient separation methods in medical diagnosis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The application of iron oxide on the macro scale and its reactivity are decisive factors, but when available in smaller sizes in the micron and nano scales, they exhibit spontaneous combustion. As a semiconductor material, iron oxide has negative temperature efficiency of resistance. Feel free to send an inquiry to get the latest price if you would like to buy Iron Oxide Fe2O3 Powder in bulk.

Performance of Iron Oxide Fe2O3 powder：

Iron oxide red to reddish brown powder. Odorless. Insoluble in water, organic acids and organic solvents. Soluble in inorganic acids. There are two types: α-type (positive magnetic) and γ-type (diamagnetic). The fineness of dry-produced products is generally below 1μm. Stable to light, heat and air. It is more stable to acid and alkali. Strong coloring power. The relative density is 5.12～5.24. The lower the content, the lower the relative density. Refractive index 3.042. Melting point is 1550℃, decomposes at about 1560℃.

Technical Parameter of Iron Oxide Fe2O3 powder：
 

How is Iron Oxide Fe2O3 Powder produced?
There are wet and dry methods for preparing Iron Oxide Fe2O3. Wet-process products have fine crystals, soft particles, easy to grind, and easy to use as pigments. Dry-process products have large crystals and hard particles, which are suitable for magnetic materials, polishing and abrasive materials.
1. Wet method
Quickly react a certain amount of 5% ferrous sulfate solution with excess sodium hydroxide solution (the alkali excess is required to be 0.04～0.08g/mL), and pass in the air at room temperature to make it all become reddish-brown ferric hydroxide colloidal solution, As the nucleus of deposited iron oxide. Take the crystal nucleus as the carrier, use ferrous sulfate as the medium, and pass in the air. At 75～85℃, in the presence of metallic iron, the ferrous sulfate reacts with oxygen in the air to form iron oxide (ie iron red) and deposits on the crystal nucleus, The sulfate radicals in the solution reacts with the metallic iron to regenerate ferrous sulfate, and the ferrous sulfate is oxidized to iron red by air to continue to deposit so that the circulation to the end of the whole process will generate red iron oxide.
2. Dry method
Nitric acid reacts with iron to form ferrous nitrate, which is cooled and crystallized, dehydrated and dried, then ground and calcined at 600-700°C for 8-10 hours, washed with water, dried, and pulverized to obtain iron oxide red product. Iron oxide yellow can also be used as a raw material to obtain red iron oxide after calcination at 600～700℃.
 
Applications of Iron Oxide Fe2O3 Powder:
1. Iron industry
The overwhelming application of iron(III) oxide is as the feedstock of the steel and iron industries, e.g. the production of iron, steel, and many alloys.
2. Polishing
A very fine powder of ferric oxide is known as "jeweler's rouge", "red rouge", or simply rouge. It is used to put the final polish on metallic jewelry and lenses, and historically as a cosmetic. Rouge cuts more slowly than some modern polishes, such as cerium(IV) oxide, but is still used in optics fabrication and by jewelers, for the superior finish it can produce. When polishing gold, the rouge slightly stains the gold, which contributes to the appearance of the finished piece. Rouge is sold as a powder, paste, laced on polishing cloths, or solid bar (with a wax or grease binder). Other polishing compounds are also often called "rouge", even when they do not contain iron oxide. Jewelers remove the residual rouge on jewelry by use of ultrasonic cleaning. Products sold as "stropping compounds" are often applied to a leather strop to assist in getting a razor edge on knives, straight razors, or any other edged tool.
3. Pigment
Two different colors at different hydrate phases (α = red, β = yellow) of iron(III) oxide hydrate; they are useful as pigments.
Iron(III) oxide is also used as a pigment, under the names "Pigment Brown 6", "Pigment Brown 7", and "Pigment Red 101". Some of them, e.g. Pigment Red 101 and Pigment Brown 6, are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in cosmetics. Iron oxides are used as pigments in dental composites alongside titanium oxides. Hematite is the characteristic component of the Swedish paint color Falu red.
4. Magnetic recording
Iron(III) oxide was the most common magnetic particle used in all types of magnetic storage and recording media, including magnetic disks (for data storage) and magnetic tape (used in audio and video recording as well as data storage). Its use in computer disks was superseded by cobalt alloy, enabling thinner magnetic films with higher storage density.
5. Photocatalysis
α-Fe2O3 has been studied as a photoanode for solar water oxidation. However, its efficacy is limited by a short diffusion length (2-4 nm) of photo-excited charge carriers and subsequent fast recombination, requiring a large overpotential to drive the reaction. Research has been focused on improving the water oxidation performance of Fe2O3 using nanostructuring, surface functionalization, or by employing alternate crystal phases such as β-Fe2O3.
6. Medicine
Calamine lotion, used to treat mild itchiness, is chiefly composed of a combination of zinc oxide, acting as astringent, and about 0.5% iron(III) oxide, the product's active ingredient, acting as an antipruritic. The red color of iron(III) oxide is also mainly responsible for the lotion's pink color.

Storage Condition of Iron Oxide Fe2O3 powder：

Iron Oxide Fe2O3 powder should be stored in dry, cool and sealing of the environment, can not be exposure to air, in addition should avoid the heavy pressure, according to ordinary goods transportation.

Packing & Shipping of Cerium Oxide Fe2O3 powder：
It is packed in double plastic bags inside, which can be filled with argon in a vacuum; it can be vacuumed and filled with argon for protection.
Iron Oxide Fe2O3 powder packing: vacuum packing, 100g, 500g or 1kg/bag, 25kg/barrel, or as your request.
Iron Oxide Fe2O3 powder shipping: could be shipped out by sea , by air, by express as soon as possible once payment receipt.

About Bismuth Oxide Bi2O3 powder:
Bismuth trioxide (bismuth oxide) is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula Bi2O3. Pure products are type α, type β and type δ. The α type is a yellow monoclinic crystal with a relative density of 8.9 and a melting point of 825 ℃, soluble in acid but insoluble in water and alkali.β-type is bright yellow to orange, intragenic, relative density 8.55, melting point 860 ℃, soluble in acid, insoluble in water. It is easily reduced to bismuth metal by hydrogen and hydrocarbons.δ-Bi2O3 is a special material with a cubic fluorite structure and 1/4 of the oxygen ion position in the lattice is vacant, so it has very high oxygen ion conductivity. The main application objects of bismuth oxide are electronic ceramic powder materials, electrolyte materials, photoelectric materials, high-temperature superconducting materials and catalysts. Bismuth oxide is an important additive in electronic ceramic powder materials, purity is generally required to be above 99.15%, the main application objects are zinc oxide varistor, ceramic capacitor, ferrite magnetic materials in three categories.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide or water-soluble carbon dioxide reacts easily with Bi2O3 to form bismuth subcarbonate. Bismuth oxide is considered to be an alkaline oxide, which explains its high reactivity with carbon dioxide. However, when an acidic cation such as Si(IV) is introduced into the bismuth oxide structure, the reaction with carbon dioxide does not occur. Bismuth (III) oxide reacts with a concentrated mixture of sodium hydroxide and bromine or with a mixture of potassium hydroxide and bromine to form sodium bismuth or potassium bismuth, respectively. Feel free to send an inquiry to get the latest price if you would like to buy Bismuth Oxide Bi2O3 powder in bulk.

Performance of Bismuth Oxide Bi2O3 powder：

The pure products of bismuth trioxide have α type and β type. The α type is a yellow monoclinic crystal with a relative density of 8.9 and a melting point of 825 ℃. It is soluble in acid, insoluble in water and alkali. The β-type is a bright yellow to orange, cubic crystal system, relative density 8.55, melting point 860 ℃, soluble in acid, insoluble in water. It is easily reduced to metallic bismuth by hydrogen, hydrocarbons, etc.

Technical Parameter of Bismuth Oxide Bi2O3 powder：

How is Bismuth Oxide Bi2O3 powder produced?
1. Drop the sodium hydroxide solution without carbon dioxide into the bismuth nitrate solution (80 ~ 90 ℃) to make it mixed. During the precipitation process, the solution remains alkaline, and the white, bulky-expanding bismuth oxide hydrate Bi(OH)3 precipitates. The solution is heated, and after a short time of stirring, it dehydrates yellow bismuth trioxide. After water decanting washing, filtration and drying, bismuth oxide was prepared.
2. Add 1.5mol/L sodium hydroxide water solution without carbon dioxide to 0.1mol/L bismuth nitrate solution dissolved in 1mol/L nitric acid (at 80 ~ 90℃) in a nitrogen atmosphere to make them mixed. The solution remains alkaline during the precipitation process. Although the white and bulky-expanding bismuth oxide hydrate Bi(OH)3 precipitates, it dehydrates into light yellow bismuth trioxide after stirring in a hot solution for a while. The bismuth oxide was obtained by decanting and washing with water without air and carbon dioxide 15 times, then filtered and dried.
3. After the metal bismuth is loaded into the graphite crucible for melting, an arc is formed between the graphite electrode and the metal liquid surface under the flow of oxygen, and the metal is heated and oxidized. To ensure adequate oxygen supply, the crucible should be placed in a large container and continuously supplied with oxygen. The reaction temperature ranges from 750 ℃ to 800℃, and the purity of β-bismuth trioxide is more than 99.8%. After quenching the product in water or on a cold metal plate, the high-temperature phase β-type product is obtained.
4. Slowly add Bi(NO3)3·5H2O acidic solution (20g dissolved in 2mol/L HNO3) into excess sodium carbonate solution and stir vigorously.Bi2O3CO3 was precipitated, filtered, washed and dried.β-Bi2O3 was obtained by placing it in an aluminum boat and heating it in the air at 650K for about 1.5h
5. The basic bismuth nitrate is burned at 400 ~ 500℃, and the NO3- ion is removed about (3 ~ 4h) :
2BiONO3=Bi2O3+NO+NO2+O2
The finished product will turn lemon yellow after cooling.
6. Wash the surface of 16kg99.9% industrial bismuth with a small amount of dilute nitric acid, and then wash the surface with conductive water to remove nitric acid. Then add 1:1 high-purity nitric acid (35kg nitric acid with 1.42 RDH and 20L conductivity water), finish with 1, and continue the reaction for 10min after addition. The filtrate was heated to 65 ~ 70℃, evaporated and concentrated to a relative density of 1.9, cooled and crystallized, then dried to obtain bismuth nitrate. Use the bismuth nitrate obtained conductance water to dissolve a dilute solution, hydrolysis under stirring, let stand to make alkali type bismuth nitrate precipitation, precipitation with centrifuge dry or suction filter, and then use thermal conductivity water washing several times, the suction filter after drying, crushing, 7 ~ 8 h at 500 ℃ calcination, a bit cold after pulverization, burning 4 ~ 5 h again, after cooling for a quick high purity bismuth oxide by 99.99%.

 
Applications of Bismuth Oxide Bi2O3 powder:
Bismuth oxide is used to prepare bismuth salt.
Bismuth oxide is used as electronic ceramic powder material, electrolyte material, photoelectric material, high-temperature superconducting material, catalyst.
Bismuth oxide is an important additive in electronic ceramic powder materials, purity is generally required to be above 99.15%, the main application objects are zinc oxide varistors, ceramic capacitors, ferrite magnetic materials three categories; As well as glaze rubber complex, medicine, red glass complex and other aspects.

Storage Condition of Bismuth Oxide Bi2O3 powder：
Bismuth Oxide Bi2O3 powder should keep the container sealed and stored in a cool, dry place, and ensure that there is a good ventilation or exhaust device in the workplace.

Packing & Shipping of Tellurium Oxide TeO2 powder：
It is packed in double plastic bags inside, which can be filled with argon in a vacuum; it can be vacuumed and filled with argon for protection..
Bismuth Oxide Bi2O3 powder packing: vacuum packing, 100g, 500g or 1kg/bag, 25kg/barrel, or as your request.
Bismuth Oxide Bi2O3 powder shipping: could be shipped out by sea, by air, by express as soon as possible once payment receipt.

 

About Titanium Oxide TiO2 powder:
Titanium Oxide TiO2 powder, also known as Titanium dioxide, is an important inorganic chemical pigment, mainly composed of Titanium dioxide. The titanium dioxide production process has a sulfuric acid method and chloride method of two process routes. It is widely used in coating, printing ink, paper making, plastic and rubber, chemical fiber, ceramics and other industries.
 
Among the commonly used white pigments, the relative density of titanium dioxide is the smallest, and the same mass of white pigments, titanium dioxide has the largest surface area and the highest pigment volume. The chemical properties of titanium dioxide are very stable, are a kind of acidic amphoteric oxide. Almost no reaction with other elements and compounds at room temperature, on oxygen, ammonia, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide are not effective, insoluble in water, fat, dilute acid and inorganic acid, alkali, only soluble in hydrofluoric acid. But under the action of light, titanium dioxide can take place a continuous REDOX reaction, has the photochemical activity. This kind of photochemical activity, under ultraviolet radiation anatase type titanium dioxide, is particularly obvious, this property makes titanium dioxide is some inorganic compounds of the photosensitive oxidation catalyst and some organic compounds of photosensitive reduction catalyst.
 
Titanium dioxide has Rutile type (Rutile R type) and Anatase type (A-type) two kinds of structure, Rutile crystal structure is dense, relatively stable, small optical activity, so good weather resistance, at the same time has A higher hiding power, color extinction. Titanium dioxide has semiconductor properties, its electrical conductivity increases rapidly with temperature, and it is also very sensitive to hypoxia. The dielectric constant and semiconductor properties of rutile TiO 2 are very important to the electronic industry, which can be used to produce electronic components such as ceramic capacitors.
 
According to Mos hardness scale of 10 points, rutile TiO2 is 6 ~ 6.5, anatase TiO2 is 5.5 ~ 6.0, so in chemical fiber extinction in order to avoid wear spinneret hole and use anatase. Although titanium dioxide has hydrophilic, its hygroscopicity is not too strong, rutile type is smaller than the anatase type. The hygroscopicity of titanium dioxide has a certain relationship with the size of its surface area, large surface area, high hygroscopicity, but also related to the surface treatment and properties. Feel free to send an inquiry to get the latest price if you would like to buy Titanium Oxide TiO2 powder in bulk.

Performance of Titanium Oxide TiO2 powder：

Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO2
Titanium dioxide is a white inorganic compound, which has been used for around 100 years in a vast number of diverse products.
Titanium dioxide is non-toxic, non-reactive and luminous properties, which safely heighten the whiteness and brightness of many materials.
It is the whitest and brightest of known pigments, with reflective qualities; it can also both scatter and absorb UV rays.

Technical Parameter of Titanium Oxide TiO2 powder：
 

How is Titanium Oxide TiO2 powder produced?
Titanium dioxide was manufactured in two different ways: Sulphate Process and Chloride Process.
1.Sulphate Process
Titanium sulfate is produced by acidolysis of iron titanium powder and concentrated sulfuric acid. The concentrated sulfuric acid is decomposed into metantitanic acid, which is then calcined and crushed to obtain titanium dioxide products. This method can produce anatase type and rutile type titanium dioxide. The sulfuric acid method has the advantages of low price and easy to get ilmenite and sulfuric acid as raw materials, more mature technology, simple equipment, easy to solve anti-corrosion materials. Its disadvantage is that the process is long, can only be based on intermittent operation, wet method operation, high consumption of sulfuric acid, water, waste and by-products, large pollution to the environment.
2.Chloride Process
The chlorination method is to use titanium-containing raw materials, high titanium chloride slag, or artificial rutile, or natural rutile and chlorine gas reaction to produce titanium tetrachloride, distillation, and then gas-phase oxidation; After rapid cooling, TiO2 was obtained by gas-solid separation. The TiO2 adsorption due to a certain amount of chlorine needs to be heated or steam treatment to remove it. The process is simple, but at 1000℃ or higher conditions of chlorination, there are many chemical engineering problems such as chlorine, chlorine oxide, titanium tetrachloride high corrosion need to be solved, coupled with the special raw materials used, compared with the sulfuric acid method cost. Chlorination process production is continuous production, the production equipment operation flexibility is not large, but its continuous process production, the process is simple, fewer process control points, product quality is easy to achieve the optimal control. The advantages of the chlorination method are short process, easy expansion of production capacity, a high degree of continuous automation, relatively low energy consumption, and high-quality products can be obtained. Its disadvantages are a large investment, complex equipment structure, high material requirements, high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, device maintenance is difficult, research and development is difficult.

Application of Titanium Oxide TiO2 powder:
The most important applications of titanium dioxide are paints, varnishes and paper and plastics, which account for about 80 percent of world consumption of titanium dioxide. Other pigment applications, such as printing inks, fibers, rubber, cosmetics and food, account for another 8%. The rest is used for other applications, such as industrial pure titanium, glass and glass-ceramics, electroceramics, metallic copper, catalysts, electrical conductors and chemical intermediates.
1. Titanium dioxide is the most widely used white pigment because of its brightness and high refractive index.
2. Titanium dioxide is also an effective sunscreen in powder form, where it is used as a pigment to provide whiteness and opacity to products such as paints, coatings, plastics, paper, inks, food products, pharmaceuticals (such as tablets and tablets) and most toothpaste. In painting, it is often abbreviated as "vivid white", "perfectly white", "whitest white" or other similar terms.
3. Titanium dioxide in the rubber industry as a colorant, but also with reinforcing, anti-aging, filling the role.
4. In white and color rubber products to add titanium dioxide, under sunlight, sun resistance, no cracking, no discoloration, stretching rate and acid and alkali resistance.
5. Titanium dioxide for rubber, mainly used for automobile tires, rubber shoes, rubber floor, gloves, sports equipment, etc., generally anatase type.
6. For automobile tire production, often add a certain amount of rutile titanium dioxide products, to enhance the ability to resist ozone and ultraviolet.
7. Titanium dioxide is also widely used in cosmetics. Because titanium dioxide is non-toxic, far superior to lead white, almost all kinds of powdered titanium dioxide replace lead and zinc white.
8. Only 5%-8% of titanium dioxide powder can be added to the permanent white so that the spice is more slippery, adhesion, absorption and hiding power.
9. Titanium dioxide in gouache and cold cream can reduce the greasy and transparent feeling.
10. Titanium dioxide can also be used in a variety of other spices, sunscreen, soap, white soap and toothpaste.
11. When deposited as a thin film, the refractive index and color of titanium dioxide make it an excellent reflective optical coating for dielectric mirrors.
12. Some grades of modified titanium-based pigments used in sparkling paints, plastics, topcoats and cosmetics - these are artificial pigments whose particles have two or more layers of various oxides (usually titanium dioxide, iron oxide or alumina) to produce a shimmer, iridoid and/or pearlescent effect.
13. Titanium dioxide is used as a pigment, sunscreen and thickener in cosmetics and skincare products in sunscreen and UV protection pigments.
14. As a sunscreen, ultrafine TiO 2 is used, which is notable for its combination with ultrafine zinc oxide and is considered to be an effective sunscreen that reduces the incidence of sunburn and minimizes premature photoaging, photocarcinogenesis and immunosuppressive sun exposure associated with long-term excess. Sometimes these UV-blockers are used in combination with iron oxide pigments in sunscreens to increase protection against visible light.

Storage Condition of Titanium Oxide TiO2 powder：
Titanium Oxide TiO2 powder should be stored in dry, cool and sealing of the environment, can not be exposure to air, in addition, should avoid the heavy pressure, according to ordinary goods transportation.

Packing & Shipping of Titanium Oxide TiO2 powder：
It is packed in double plastic bags inside, which can be filled with argon in a vacuum; it can be vacuumed and filled with argon for protection.
Titanium Oxide TiO2 powder packing: vacuum packing, 100g, 500g or 1kg/bag, 25kg/barrel, or as your request.
Titanium Oxide TiO2 powder shipping: could be shipped out by sea, by air, by express as soon as possible once payment receipt.

About Zirconium Oxide ZrO2 powder:
Zirconium oxide (ZrO2), sometimes known as zirconia (not to be confused with zircon), is a white crystalline oxide of zirconium. Its most naturally occurring form, with a monoclinic crystalline structure, is the mineral baddeleyite. A dopant stabilized cubic structured zirconia, cubic zirconia, is synthesized in various colors for use as a gemstone and a diamond simulant. Our company also can supply zirconium oxide ceramic(zro2 ceramic) products

If you want to know zirconium oxide price, please send inqury to sales1@rboschco.

Zirconium oxide is chemically unreactive. It is slowly attacked by concentrated hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid. When heated with carbon, it converts to zirconium carbide. When heated with carbon in the presence of chlorine, it converts to zirconium tetrachloride.
Zirconium dioxide is one of the most studied ceramic materials. ZrO2 adopts a monoclinic crystal structure at room temperature and transitions to tetragonal and cubic at higher temperatures. The change of volume caused by the structure transitions from tetragonal to monoclinic to cubic induces large stresses, causing it to crack upon cooling from high temperatures.

Three phases are known: monoclinic below 1170 °C, tetragonal between 1170 °C and 2370 °C, and cubic above 2370 °C. The trend is for higher symmetry at higher temperatures, as is usually the case. A small percentage of the oxides of calcium or yttrium stabilize in the cubic phase. The very rare mineral tazheranite, (Zr, Ti, Ca)O2, is cubic. Unlike TiO2, which features six-coordinated titanium in all phases, monoclinic zirconia consists of seven-coordinated zirconium centers. This difference is attributed to the larger size of the zirconium atom relative to the titanium atom.

The ZrO2 band gap is dependent on the phase (cubic, tetragonal, monoclinic, or amorphous) and preparation methods, with typical estimates from 5–7 eV. A special case of zirconia is that of tetragonal zirconia polycrystal, or TZP, which is indicative of polycrystalline zirconia composed of only the metastable tetragonal phase. Feel free to send an inquiry to get the latest price if you would like to buy Zirconium Oxide ZrO2 powder in bulk.

Performance of Zirconium Oxide ZrO2 powder :
The chemical property of zirconium dioxide is inactive, and has the properties of high melting point, high resistivity, high refractive index and low coefficient of thermal expansion, making it an important high temperature resistant material, ceramic insulating material and ceramic sunscreen, and it is also the main part of artificial drills. raw material. The band gap is about 5-7eV.

Technical Parameter of Zirconium Oxide ZrO2 powder :
Zirconium Oxide particle size: 200nm
Zirconium Oxide crystal: monoclinic crystal
Zirconium Oxide purity: 99.9%
Fe2O3 content: ≤0.003
SiO2 content: ≤0.003
TiO2 content: ≤0.03
Al2O3 content: ≤0.002
Na2O content: ≤0.001
CaO content:   ≤0.002

How is Zirconium Oxide ZrO2 powder produced?
The industrial refractory material is fully stabilized zirconia, and most of the electric mete is made. Carbon and stabilizable calcium oxide were added to the zircon meter fuse, and the zirconia and calcium oxide was used to generate a solid solution, and then stably zirconia was produced while the zirconia and the calcium oxide was used to form a solid solution. Stable and partially stabilized zirconia used in fine ceramics is generally prepared with wet.

The most mature and commonly used is neutralization. The purified chloride zirconium is dissolved with pure water, filtrate the insoluble matter, adjust the zirconium concentration in the solution, and add the required amount of a cerium chloride solution (or other rare earth metal or alkaline chloride solution), add ammonia water Medium and precipitation. The precipitate was washed with hot water and then filtered, dried and calcined. Ultrafine stabilized zirconia powder can be obtained by treating the calcined product.
Partially stabilized zirconia is to control the amount of added stabilizer, which is not sufficient to achieve complete stability. Partially yttria zirconia has high strength and thermal shock resistance, and there is a relatively wide application in structural ceramics.
 
Applications of Zirconium Oxide ZrO2 powder:
For metal zirconium and zirconium compounds, fire bricks and crucibles, high-frequency ceramics, abrasive materials, ceramic pigments and zirconates are mainly used for piezoelectric ceramic products, daily ceramics, refractory materials and precious metals smelting Zirconium brick, zirconium tube, the crucible, etc.

Refractory
Zirconia fibers are polycrystalline refractory fiber material. Due to the high melting point of the ZrO2 substance itself, the non-oxidation and other high-temperature excellent characteristics, the ZrO2 fiber has higher use temperatures than other refractory fibers such as alumina fibers, mullite fibers, aluminum silicate fibers. The zirconia fiber is used for a long time in a super high-temperature oxidation atmosphere above 1500 ° C, and the highest temperature is as high as 2200 ° C, and even 2500 ° C can maintain a complete fiber shape, which is currently the top top of the topic. Fiber material.

Gas turbine
The application of plasma spray zirconium oxide thermal barrier coating on-air and industrial gas turbines has great progress, which has been used for turbine portions of gas turbines within a certain limit. Since this coating can reduce the temperature of 50 to 200 ° C of the air-cooled high-temperature member, the durability of the high-temperature member can significantly improve the durability of the high-temperature member, or improve the temperature of the gas temperature or reduce the amount of temperature required to maintain the high-temperature member. Change, thereby increasing the efficiency of the engine.

Ceramic material
Since the refractive index of zirconia is large, the melting point is high, the corrosion resistance is strong, so it is used in the kiln industry. Piezoelectric ceramic products include filters, speakers ultrasonic water detectors, and the like. There are also daily use ceramics (industrial ceramic glaze), zircon tiles and zirconium tubes for precious metal smelting. Nano-grade zirconia can also be used as a polishing agent, abrasive, piezoelectric ceramic, precision ceramic, ceramic glaze and high-temperature pigment matrix material.

Other
In addition, zirconia can be used in the manufacture of white-hot gas masks, enamel, white glass, the refractory crucible. X-ray photography. Grinding material. To make the light source lamp, thick film circuit capacitive material, piezoelectric crystal transducer formulation in infrared spectrometers.

Storage Condition of Zirconium Oxide ZrO2 powder :
Zirconium Oxide ZrO2 powder should be stored in dry, cool and sealing of the environment, can not be exposure to air, in addition should avoid the heavy pressure, according to ordinary goods transportation.

Packing & Shipping of Zirconium Oxide ZrO2 powder :
It is packed in double plastic bags inside, which can be filled with argon in vacuum; it can be vacuumed and filled with argon for protection..
Zirconium Oxide ZrO2 powder  packing: vacuum packing, 100g, 500g or 1kg/bag, 25kg/barrel, or as your request.
Zirconium Oxide ZrO2 powder  shipping: could be shipped out by sea , by air, by express as soon as possible once payment receipt.

About Antimony Tin Oxide ATO Powder:
Antimony tin oxide, also called antimony doped tin dioxide, antimony tin oxide, abbreviated as ATO. It is a non-resistive transparent conductive material in the semiconductor field. It can be used in various glass, plastics and various resins to play a role in transparency, conductivity, anti-static radiation, ultraviolet and infrared blocking. Tin oxide antimony conductive nanomaterials have broad application prospects in many fields due to their high conductivity and light color transparency. It is a new type of functional material that has developed rapidly in recent years.
 
Antimony tin oxide is a world-recognized excellent material with a series of unique properties. They show good electrical conductivity in antistatic applications and have good infrared absorption capabilities. Strong absorption of near-infrared light occurs, and transparency in the visible light range can be maintained in the film.
 
ATO (Antimony Tin Oxide) is a highly insoluble, thermally stable source of aluminum suitable for glass, optical and ceramic applications. Antimony tin oxide is one of the most commonly used transparent conductive oxides because it has two key properties, including optical transparency and conductivity. These characteristics are very important for photovoltaic devices including solar cells and flat-panel displays.
 
The current technology for forming particulate and nanoparticulate tin oxide and using an acidic medium to provide a surface coating, however, coating acid-sensitive materials with nanoparticulate antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) films has become very important.
 
The antistatic coating is the main application market of nano ATO powder. Nano-composite transparent antistatic coatings can be prepared by adding nano-ATO powder as a conductive filler to the matrix resin (such as polyamide and acrylic) and selecting an appropriate dispersion method. Since the previous conductive fillers usually use carbon black, they are inferior to ATO powder in terms of color control. Feel free to send an inquiry to get the latest price if you would like to buy Antimony Tin Oxide ATO Powder in bulk.

Performance of Antimony Tin Oxide ATO Powder :
ATO, also known as antimony-doped tin dioxide, is mainly composed of tin oxide and antimony oxide. The particle size is mostly 5-80 nm.

Technical Parameter of Antimony Tin Oxide ATO Powder :

How is Antimony Tin Oxide ATO Powder produced?
The chemical methods for preparing antimony tin oxide conductive nanomaterials mainly include precipitation method, hydrothermal synthesis method, sol-gel method, microemulsion method and so on.
The liquid phase co-precipitation method is the most commonly used and most mature method for preparing tin oxide antimony conductive nanomaterials. In this method, an aqueous solution is usually used as the reaction medium, a salt solution of tin and antimony is mixed, and sodium hydroxide or ammonia is added to the mixed solution. The precipitating agent and other precipitating agents precipitate the tin and antimony cations coexisting in the solution, and the precipitate is washed, dried and calcined to obtain the corresponding nanopowder.

Applications of Antimony Tin Oxide ATO Powder:
Adding nano-level ATO powder directly during fiber spinning, the key is the compatibility of inorganic nano-level ATO with fiber materials, and special dispersing additives need to be added;
Add nano-level ATO or textile auxiliaries in the dyeing process of raw materials (such as wool tops and polyester yarns) to complete dyeing and functionalization in one step;
Add nano-level ATO textile auxiliaries during the dyeing or finishing of grey fabrics.
Nano ATO powder has a small particle size, has good compatibility with plastics, and has a light color, which broadens the application of conductive powders on plastics. Conductive ATO can be made into plastic additives or plastic conductive masterbatch can be made into conductive plastic. If the ATO particles are large, they will have a certain negative impact on the production of conductive plastics. Therefore, ATO raw materials with the smallest possible particle size are required. Other applications of antimony tin oxide include:
1.Antimony tin oxide nanoparticles show excellent electrical and optical properties.
2.Antimony oxide can be used in the fields of optoelectronic display devices and flat panel display devices, such as LED, LCD and ECD.
3.Antimony oxide can also be used in solar cells and transparent electrodes.
4.The high conductivity of antimony oxide makes it suitable for use as an antistatic material in coatings, chemical fiber and polymer film industries.
5.The antimony tin oxide nanoparticles also show high heat resistance.
6.Antimony oxide can be used to shield the heat in buildings or glass and hot mirrors.
7.Antimony oxide can also be used in automobile glass and aircraft glass to prevent fog and frost.
8.Antimony tin oxide nanoparticles have the characteristics of reducing microwaves.
9.Antimony oxide can be used in areas that need to be shielded from electromagnetic waves. These areas include computer rooms and radars.
 

Storage Condition of Antimony Tin Oxide ATO Powder :
Antimony Tin Oxide ATO Powder should be stored in dry, cool and sealing of the environment, can not be exposure to air, in addition, should avoid the heavy pressure, according to ordinary goods transportation.

Packing & Shipping of Antimony Tin Oxide ATO Powder :
It is packed in double plastic bags inside, which can be filled with argon in a vacuum; it can be vacuumed and filled with argon for protection.
Antimony Tin Oxide ATO Powder packing: vacuum packing, 100g, 500g or 1kg/bag, 25kg/barrel, or as your request.
Antimony Tin Oxide ATO Powder shipping: could be shipped out by sea, by air, by express as soon as possible once payment receipt.