What is lithium sulfide and how can it be used?
Lithium Sulfide
It is a yellow to white crystal with an inverse fluorite arrangement. Li2S, which is a lithium sulfide, is the molecular formula. The molecular mass of lithium sulfide (45.95) is equal to 1.66. The melting point for lithium sulfide at 938°C is 1372°C. Lithium sulfide can be easily dissolved in water, ethanol and soluble with acid. It is also insoluble in alkali. Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries can use lithium sulfide as an electrolyte.
Lithium sulfide's physical and chemical characteristics
Physical properties
You can find white or yellow crystals.
Features an anti-fluorite design
The specific gravity is 1.66 (water = 1); the melting point at 938degC is 938degC and the boiling point at 1372degC are both 1.66.
Water soluble, soluble, ethanol soluble, soluble, acid soluble, insoluble, alkali insoluble.
Chemical nature
Lithium sulfide is able to absorb water vapor from the air and hydrolyzes, releasing highly poisonous hydrogen sulfide.
Separating lithium sulfide with acid can liberate hydrogen sulfuride. It can also react violently to nitric acids, but it can only be decomposed by heating it. Hydrobromic acid or hydroiodic can do this. It reacts slowly and violently with concentrated sulfuric, but not with dilute. It reacts slowly with concentrated sulfuric acid when heated to around 300°C in air. But it doesn't produce sulfur dioxide. Instead, it produces lithium sulfate.
Preparation for lithium sulfide
You can prepare lithium sulfide in a number of ways. In the past, sulfur and lithium were heated together to react. Then carbon or hydrogen could be used to reduce lithium-sulfate with heating to create lithium sulfide. Later it was discovered that both lithium and sulfur could act in liquid ammonia. Also, lithium ethoxide is capable of decomposing the ethanol adduct to lithium hydrosulfide. People used hydrogen sulfide as well as lithium pentoxide in order to first prepare lithium hydrogen, sulfide. Next, vacuum heating was used to decompose the lithium hydrosulfide to make lithium sulfur.
Anhydrous lithium sulfide is a high-quality product that can be made by reacting metallic lithium and hydrogen sulfide with tetrahydrofuran.
Application of lithium sulfide
Lithium sulfide is mostly used in rechargeable battery lithium-ion batteries as an electrolyte.
Precautions and storage of lithium sulfide
Lithium Sulfide is able to absorb water vapor from the air and hyrolyzes it, releasing highly toxic hydrogen sulfuride gas. It must be stored at room temperature in an enclosed, dark area and kept dry.
Hydrogen sulfuride can cause slight harm to water bodies. Do not expose large quantities or undiluted products to groundwater or sewers.
The irritation from lithium sulfide
The skin: Itching of the skin and mucous membranes
Irritation: The effects above the eyes
Sensitization: There is no known sensitization
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